Respiratory Diseases
Asthma: Basic Information
What are allergies?
Allergies are the most common health problems among Americans. An allergy is an exaggerated reaction of the immune system (body's defense mechanism) to an external inhaled substance or allergen. There are different types of allergens that can affect anybody at any time in life.
Why do I have allergies and others don't?
Not everybody suffers from allergies. Some people have allergies because they are sensitive to certain substances such as pollen and animal proteins. Substances like these that trigger allergic symptoms are called allergens. However, many experts believe that allergies might be inherited. In many cases, individuals may become allergic when they are exposed to allergens, following a viral infection. Frequent exposure to allergens can also cause an allergic reaction.
What are some of the common factors that trigger allergies?
The most common factors that can cause an allergic reaction include animal dander (flaky scales of skin), dust particles, molds, pollen, medicines, foods, chemicals and insects. A person may become allergic to one or more of these substances at any point in time, and these may also be affected by how often the person is exposed to the substance.
What are some of the symptoms?
Some of the symptoms include runny nose, itchiness in the eyes, nose, and/or throat, wheezing, shortness of breath and dry cough. Many times, people think that these symptoms are related to a common cold, but if the symptoms last for more than 10 days a doctor should be consulted.
Is there a treatment for allergies?
There are many treatments available for allergies. It is important to visit a properly trained doctor that could recognize the symptoms and pattern of allergies. A doctor can perform skin and blood tests to determine the specific allergen. Many prescribed medications and allergy shots are available to relieve allergy symptoms. Medications play a crucial role in treating allergies, and they should be used as instructed.
How do I prevent allergies and its trigger factors?
It is important to determine what factors could trigger your allergies and try to avoid them if possible.
I. Trigger factors:
- Tobacco: Ask family members to smoke outside the house.
- Pets: Remove animals from bedroom or house. However, it is important to understand that pets' allergens may remain in the house for months. Also, if there is an animal such as a dog, the animal should have a weekly bath.
- Dust mites: Keep all surfaces and furniture clean. Also, keep humidity in the house low by using a dehumidifier.
- Pollen: Try to stay inside the house when the pollen is high in the air, especially in the morning.
- Chemicals and fumes: Use them in a well-ventilated area and avoid household cleaner products that are strong (e.g. Clorox). Also, avoid perfumes and hair sprays.
- Indoor mold: Keep low humidity in the house or bedroom by using a dehumidifier and by opening the windows when cooking or taking a shower.
- Medication: Consult a doctor before taking any over-the-counter medications.
- Eat a balanced diet: When a person eats a variety of healthy foods, the immune system (body's defense mechanism) is stronger and can fight viruses.
- Sleep well: The body needs plenty of rest in order to perform all its functions properly.
- Avoid contact with people who are sick: During the cold season, it is important to stay away from crowded places.
- Recognize changes in your body: such as fever, chills, chest tightness or shortness of breath.
- Make sure everyone in your house washes his/her hands frequently.
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